Discovery of the thallium, lead, bismuth, and polonium isotopes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Currently, forty-two thallium, forty-two lead, forty-one bismuth, and forty-two polonium isotopes have so far been observed; the discovery of these isotopes is discussed. For each isotope a brief summary of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented. ∗Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected] (M. Thoennessen) Preprint submitted to Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables October 6, 2011
منابع مشابه
Test measurements of thoron concentration using two ionization chambers AlphaGUARD vs. radon monitor RAD7
Thoron 220Rn is one of four naturally occurring radon isotopes. It has a half-life T1/2 equal to 55 s. Radon isotopes are chemically inert radioactive gases that occur in the environment as a result of the decay of radioactive elements in soil and minerals. While radon 222Rn results from the decay chain of uranium 238U, thoron 220Rn results from the decay of thorium 232Th. Both uranium and thor...
متن کاملVery neutron-deficient polonium isotopes produced through 20 Ne induced reactions
2014 Neutron deficient polonium isotopes have been produced through 182W(20Ne, xn) reactions. The characteristics of disintegration of 194Po have been reviewed. Isotopes with masses 193 and 192 have been identified ; an isomeric state could be attributed to 193Po. Tome 38 N~ 20 15 OCTOBRE 1977 LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE LETTRES
متن کاملUnderstanding the Radioactive Ingrowth and Decay of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Environment: An Analysis of Produced Fluids from the Marcellus Shale
BACKGROUND The economic value of unconventional natural gas resources has stimulated rapid globalization of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, natural radioactivity found in the large volumes of "produced fluids" generated by these technologies is emerging as an international environmental health concern. Current assessments of the radioactivity concentration in liquid waste...
متن کاملAssessment of direct radiological risk and indirect associated toxic risks originated by Coal-Fired Power Plants
Over the past few decades there has been some discussion concerning the increase of the natural background radiation originated by coal-fired power plants, due to the uranium and thorium content present in combustion ashes. The radioactive decay products of uranium and thorium, such as radium, radon, polonium, bismuth and lead, are also released in addition to a significant amount of 40K. Since...
متن کاملThe Polonium brief: a hidden history of cancer, radiation, and the tobacco industry.
The first scientific paper on polonium-210 in tobacco was published in 1964, and in the following decades there would be more research linking radioisotopes in cigarettes with lung cancer in smokers. While external scientists worked to determine whether polonium could be a cause of lung cancer, industry scientists silently pursued similar work with the goal of protecting business interests shou...
متن کامل